Essays from 52 to Social Media Versus Cyber Bullying

Articles from 52 to Social Media Versus Cyber Bullying

Public and Private Finance in Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Open and Private Finance in Property - Essay Example ncreased utilization levels, decrease in joblessness rate, expanded fares, development in corporate benefits just as expanded remote direct speculations. The British government doesn't just rely upon charge income to finance its financial plan yet in addition different sources which incorporate state claimed associations, privatizations, outside direct ventures, offer of benefits. The British government own few companies, which shapes an excellent wellspring of income to the legislature in type of benefits. For example, the UK government own the postal help organization Royal mail, train-working organization East Coast, and instruction holding organization BPP Holdings. The British government has been engaged with various privatizations whereby the administration calm its possession and enthusiasm for parastatal to private financial specialists. A case of such privatization remembers that of the British rail for 1993. English government is significant player in neighborhood business and this is clear through investment in sovereign riches reserves. The UK government own motorways, harbors, air terminal end and sewer lines that frames a significant wellspring of income to the legislature when individuals from the open utilize these foundation. The legislature has likewise in various events arranged off its resources for get extra income so as to support its activities. Government Expenditure The UK government has been encountering various difficulties with its use patters for a significant stretch. It is very sad that the UK government’s all out consumption for its monetary years have consistently outperformed its income (Parliament, 2012). This pattern has stayed like this for a significant period. The administration has been constrained by and large to get surplus assets from people in general so as to meet its consumption need.... The British government doesn't just rely upon charge income to finance its spending plan yet in addition different sources which incorporate state claimed associations, privatizations, outside direct speculations, offer of advantages. The British government own few companies, which frames an excellent wellspring of income to the administration in type of benefits. For example, the UK government own the postal assistance organization Royal mail, train-working organization East Coast, and instruction holding organization BPP Holdings. The British government has been engaged with various privatizations whereby the administration ease its possession and enthusiasm for parastatal to private financial specialists. A case of such privatization remembers that of the British rail for 1993. English government is significant player in nearby business and this is apparent through interest in sovereign riches reserves. The UK government own motorways, harbors, air terminal end and sewer lines tha t shapes a significant wellspring of income to the administration when individuals from the open utilize these framework. The administration has likewise in various events arranged off its resources for get extra income so as to subsidize its tasks. The UK government has been encountering various difficulties with its use patters for a significant stretch. It is very grievous that the UK government’s absolute consumption for its monetary years have consistently outperformed its income (Parliament, 2012). The legislature has been constrained as a rule to acquire surplus assets from people in general so as to meet its use need.

How to Homeschool If You Work Outside the Home

The most effective method to Homeschool If You Work Outside the Home In the event that you and your life partner both work full-or low maintenance outside the home, you may think self-teaching is not feasible. In spite of the fact that having the two guardians working outside the home makes self-teaching trickier, with effective arranging and imaginative booking, it tends to be finished. Here are some pragmatic tips for effectively self-teaching while at the same time working outside the home. Substitute Shifts With Your Spouse Maybe the most troublesome part of self-teaching when the two guardians work is making sense of the coordinations. This can be particularly trickyâ when small kids are included. Perhaps the least demanding approaches to guarantee that there is constantly a parent at home with the kids is to substitute work shifts with your mate. Exchanging shifts additionally assists with school. One parent can work with the understudy on a couple of subjects while the individual in question is home, leaving the rest of the subjects forâ the other parent. Perhaps Dad is the math and science fellow while Mom exceeds expectations at history and English. Separating the homework permits each parent to contribute and to work to their qualities. Enroll the Help of Relatives or Hire Reliable Childcare In the event that youâ are a solitary parent of little youngsters, or you and your mate can't or reluctant to interchange shifts (since that canâ put a strainâ on both the marriage and family), think about your childcare choices. You might need to enroll the assistance of family members or think about recruiting solid childcare. Guardians of youngsters may conclude that their children can remain at home alone during the parents’ working hours. Development level and security concerns shouldâ be taken into genuine thought, yet it is regularly a feasible alternative for a develop, self-inspired teenager. More distant family might have the option to give childcare and regulate homework that your kid can do with negligible assistance and oversight. You may likewise consider recruiting a more established self-taught youngster or understudy to give childcare if there are just a couple of covering hours in the working parents’ plans. You may even consider trading kid care for lease on the off chance that you have additional room accessible. Use Curriculum That Your Students Can Do Independently In the event that you and your mate are both workingâ full-time, you’ll most likely need to consider self-teach educational plan that your kids all alone, for example, course readings, PC based educational program, or online classes. You may likewise consider blending autonomous work that your youngsters can accomplish during your work shifts with greater movement based exercises you can do in the nighttimes or on ends of the week. Consider a Co-Op or Homeschool Classes Notwithstanding the educational program that your children can finish all alone, you may likewise consider self-teach classes and centers. Numerous centers do necessitate that the guardians of the children selected to play a functioning job, yet others don't. Notwithstanding customary communities, numerous zones offer gathering classes for homeschoolers. Most classes meet a few days out of every week. Understudies take a crack at and pay for the classes that address their issues. Both of these alternatives can meet the booking needs of working guardians and give face to face instructors to center classes as well as wanted electives. Make a Flexible Homeschool Schedule Whatever you choose to do the extent that educational plan and classes go, exploit the adaptability that self-teaching offers. For example,â homeschooling doesnt need to happen from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m., Monday through Friday. You can do school in the mornings before going to work, in the nights after work, and on the ends of the week. Utilize recorded fiction, writing, and connecting with histories as your family’s sleep time stories. Science analyses can make energizing family exercises in the nighttimes or toward the end of the week. Ends of the week are additionally the ideal time for a family field trip. Get Creative Working self-teach families energize pondering exercises with instructive worth. On the off chance that your children are on sports groups or take a class, for example, aerobatic, karate, or bows and arrows, consider that their P.E. time. Use supper prep and family unit tasks to train them home financial matters abilities. On the off chance that they show themselves an expertise, for example, sewing, playing an instrument, or drawing during their spare time, give them acknowledgment for the time contributed. Be awareâ of the instructive open doors in the ordinary parts of your lives. Split up or Hire Help for Household Chores In the event that the two guardians are working outside the home, it is vitalâ that everybody either contribute to help or that you look for outside assistance for keeping up your home. Mother (or Dad) can’t be relied upon to do everything. Contribute time to show your youngsters the fundamental abilities important to help with the clothing, housekeeping, and dinners. (Keep in mind, it’s home ec class, as well!) On the off chance that theres still a lot for everybody, consider what you might have the option to recruit out. Maybe simply having somebody clean your washrooms once seven days would relieve the burden or perhaps you have to recruit somebody to keep up the grass. Self-teaching while at the same time working outside the home can be testing, however with arranging, adaptability, and collaboration, it tends to be done, and the prizes will merit the exertion.

What Everybody Dislikes About Get Help Writing Research Paper and Why

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Why Should You Study Physics

For the scientist (or aspiring scientist), the question of why to study science doesnt need to be answered. If youre one of the people who gets science, then no explanation is required. Chances are that you already have at least some of the scientific skills necessary to pursue such a career, and the whole point of study is to gain the skills which you dont yet have. However, for those who are not pursuing a career in the sciences, or in technology, it can frequently feel as if science courses of any stripe are a waste of your time. Courses in the physical sciences, especially, tend to be avoided at all cost, with courses in biology taking their place to fill necessary science requirements. The argument in favor of scientific literacy is amply made in James Trefils 2007 book Why Science?, focusing on arguments from civics, aesthetics, and culture to explain why a very basic understanding of scientific concepts is necessary for the non-scientist. The benefits of a scientific education can be clearly seen in this description of science by famed quantum physicist Richard Feynman: Science is a way to teach how something gets to be known, what is not known, to what extent things are known (for nothing is known absolutely), how to handle doubt and uncertainty, what the rules of evidence are, how to think about things so that judgments can be made, how to distinguish truth from fraud, and from show. The question then becomes (assuming you agree with the merits of the above way of thinking) how this form of scientific thinking can be imparted upon the population. Specifically, Trefil presents a set of grand ideas that could be used to form the basis of this scientific literacy — many of which are firmly rooted concepts of physics. The Case for Physics Trefil refers to the physics first approach presented by 1988 Nobel Laureate Leon Lederman in his Chicago-based educational reforms. Trefils analysis is that this method is especially useful for older (i.e. high school age) students, while he believes the more traditional biology first curriculum is appropriate for younger (elementary middle school) students. In short, this approach emphasizes the idea that physics is the most fundamental of sciences. Chemistry is applied physics, after all, and biology (in its modern form, at least) is basically applied chemistry. You can, of course, extend beyond that into more specific fields: zoology, ecology, and genetics are all further applications of biology, for example. But the point is that all of science can, in principle, be reduced down to fundamental physics concepts such as thermodynamics and nuclear physics. In fact, this is how physics developed historically: basic principles of physics were determined by Galileo while biology still consisted of various theories of spontaneous generation, after all. Therefore, grounding a scientific education in physics makes perfect sense, because it is the foundation of science. From physics, you can expand naturally into the more specialized applications, going from thermodynamics and nuclear physics into chemistry, for example, and from mechanics and material physics principles into engineering. The path cannot be followed smoothly in reverse, going from a knowledge of ecology into a knowledge of biology into a knowledge of chemistry and so on. The smaller the sub-category of knowledge you have, the less it can be generalized. The more general the knowledge, the more it can be applied to specific situations. As such, the fundamental knowledge of physics would be the most useful scientific knowledge, if someone had to pick which areas to study. And all of this makes sense because physics is the study of matter, energy, space and time, without which there would be nothing in existence to react or thrive or live or die. The entire universe is built upon of the principles revealed by a study of physics. Why Scientists Need Non-Science Education While on the subject of well-rounded education, the opposite argument holds just as strongly: someone who is studying science needs to be able to function in society, and this involves understanding the entire culture (not just the technoculture) involved. The beauty of Euclidean geometry is not inherently more beautiful than the words of Shakespeare; its just beautiful in a different way. Scientists (and physicists especially) tend to be fairly well rounded in their interests. The classic example is the violin-playing virtuoso of physics, Albert Einstein. One of the few exceptions is perhaps medical students, who lack diversity more due to time constraints than lack of interest. A firm grasp of science, without any grounding in the rest of the world, provides little understanding of the world, let alone appreciation for it. Political or cultural issues do not take case in some sort of scientific vacuum, where historical cultural issues need not be taken into account. While many scientists feel that they can objectively evaluate the world in a rational, scientific manner, the fact is that important issues in society never involve purely scientific questions. The Manhattan Project, for example, was not purely a scientific enterprise, but also clearly triggered questions that extend far outside of the realm of physics. This content is provided in partnership with National 4-H Council. 4-H science programs provide youth the opportunity to learn about STEM through fun, hands-on activities and projects. Learn more by visiting  their website.

Mus 468i Midterm 1 Essay - 776 Words

Midterm #1 Essays 1) Describe the three basic types of music heard in original scores during the silent film era and cites specific examples from The Birth of a Nation. (10 points) Adaptations of classical works, arrangements of well-known melodies, and newly composed music are the three basic types of music that is heard in The Birth of the Nation. Adaptations of Classical Works involve large action and dramatic scenes in most cases, but, Mass a passage in the Birth of the Nation that was attributed to Mozart that was used for the ending and also during Lincoln’s assassination. But most commonly Classical works is placed in tense, apprehensive, action and violent moments throughout the film. Arrangements of well-known melodies are†¦show more content†¦The tension builds even more because they are in close quarters in the cafà © during this competition—practically face-to-face. Superficial music is heard at Rick’s Cafà © to communicate how superficial Rick’s c haracter is in the movie. And lastly, the famous song â€Å"As Time Goes By† is the theme of the movie and shows up prominently as source music. It communicates the love of the characters Rick and Isla. 3) The music for Gone with the Wind is the paradigm of the Classic Hollywood film score, and the music for Citizen Kane represents, like the film as a whole, a departure. Describe the basic characteristics of the Classic Hollywood film score using Gone with the Wind and other films from this period (1933-43) for examples. Then discuss the new qualities found in the music for Citizen Kane. (20 points) There are many characteristics that contribute to the Classic Hollywood film score. Gone With The Wind serves as a paradigm, which means a distinct pattern of model of the classic Hollywood film score because it possess the qualities and characteristics of the film score throughout the story. First being that most often they employ well-known melodies such as â€Å"Dixie† and them famous â€Å"Tara† theme which is one of the most distinctive themes in the story. Also, another characteristic is that the film

Positive Accounting Research Accounting Process

Question: Discuss about the Positive Accounting Researchfor Accounting Process. Answer: Introduction In this report a complete study has been prepared on positive research accounting. This research shows how companies have been facing several problems and hurdles in their accounting process and preparing financial statements. In this report various theories and methodologies have been discussed which provides a critical understanding about how corporation could develop an effective positive accounting. The main critical view has been developed over ontology and epistemology of positive accounting which provides effective evaluation of human behavior in their accounting practice. It is evaluated that positive accounting research is part of wider intellectual project of scientific research which is used to understand the cause and effect relations of the humans in determined approach. This report will start with divulging all the required details of Positive accounting research article which will showcase the present drawbacks of current positive accounting methods. In addition to thi s, summery of this article will give simple short idea about how all the present and future factors disclosing overall finding and theoretical arguments given in this article. Afterward, research questions have been prepared to reflect the main problems of the given positive accounting article and provide clear hurdles which are faced by humans in their accounting practice. Theoretical concepts have also been discussed which depicts human behaviors, their cause and effect relation with accounting practice. Afterward, this report provides and all the pros and cons and possible limitations which are keeping this positive accounting research article less effective. At last, this report provides the complete conclusion of this article which is accompanied with all the suggestions about how humans could make their accounting practice better and effective as per the auditors reviews and disclaimers (Brown, Preiato, and Tarca, 2014). Summary of Article This article provides adamantine study over the positive accounting practice and humans reciprocal behavior in determined approach. This article provides that there are several independent and dependent factors which influence human behavior. Positive accounting practice allows humans to mitigate possible hurdles in their decision and developed reciprocal behavior. The intellectual program used in this article for making positive accounting practice better and effective is mainstream accounting research program. Positive accounting research theorize accounting phenomena caused by operational of self-interest of humans who interact with each other through implied and expressed contract (Klemstine and Maher, 2014). There are several arguments on positive accounting research that it is based on the human behavior and their reciprocal behavior after evaluating cause and effect relation (Waymire, 2014). Some researchers have divulged that positive accounting practice should not merely bas e on rational behaviors of humans but it should be based on personal judgment as well. Auditors use their own due diligence to make effectively evaluate accounting practice of corporations. It is further evaluated that when auditors are working under pressure then they would tend to complete their work quickly and there will be more chance of mistakes and errors in their accounting auditing report. In addition to this, another theory focused on the free will of humans in positive accounting (Brown, et al. 2014). It divulges that if humans are free of control and they are allowed to take their decisions based on their own diligence then the decisions made by them would be restricted with their mind capacity and small view points. Behavior of free will provides that if the researchers have taken free will decision then it would invalidate other persons assumption with the research program. Certainly, in this positive accounting research program, there is no comprehensive and casual th eory and statements which reflects certain human behavior and applicability of other theories with the implication of human behavior. It is also depicted that positive ontology and epistemology may provide misleading results to readers in human behavior. This uncertainty have aroused due to anomaly exists in positive accounting research theories. However, the main problem in positive accounting research has aroused due to researchers understanding over positive and quantitative researches are same. It leads to considerable confusion in considering research which provides positive results but qualitative as well. This qualitative research have been used in positive accounting research as there is need to collect data from other sources to develop preliminary understanding of some phenomenon. However, researchers need to evaluate auditors disclaimer and their view points to make their research better and presentable to readers. It is further described with the help of using hypothesis testing for quantitative positive accounting practice. In this hypothetical test some null and void hypothesis have been used to evaluate all possible internal and external factors of accounting research (Ahmed, Neel and Wang, 2013). Further in this article, it is observed that positive accounting contributes to a wider scientific endeavor for understanding human behavior and cause and effect relation in complex working of organization. Therefore, in order to avoid this type of problems in the business functioning auditors and accountant should endeavor toward introducing hypothetical test in its accounting process. This test has been suggested in this article to evaluate all the possible human behaviors actions and reactions in organizations (Everett, Neu, Rahaman and Maharaj, 2015). Research Questions Which are the possible hurdles in positive accounting practice? What is required for successful positive research program? How positive accounting practice is different from intellectual program? What are the possible factors which forced to examine ontology and epistemology in current accounting practice? Theoretical Frameworks In this research program there are various theoretical frameworks have been used to evaluate the drawbacks of current positive accounting research program. It is further observed that theoretical models and frameworks divulge how users could increase the effectiveness of positive accounting research in organizations (Engle and Hunton, 2015). The recent article (Choi et. al, 2009) elaborate that authors have provided that there is concept of audit of accounting which increases the accurateness of accounting. This model put emphasis upon how audit on accounts of organizations provides effective legal regime of accounts. This form of theoretical frameworks suggests that there are several interesting test which could be applied on positive accounting research. This provides that accounting data of organizations are accompanied with several problems and accounting errors which could gradually results into misleading result for humans to take decisions (Fang, et al, 2014). Vulnerability of research program provides that audit fees and managers competency is major factors in positive accounting research. In accounting it is normally that the author provides theoretical model which could be used by accountant in their practical work. In addition to this, these theoretical models assist auditors to develop a clear understanding w ith its auditing functioning. It is evaluated that if auditors will determine the hypothetical test of account in their auditing functions then it will help them to implement their auditing functioning of positive accounting practice. Another theoretical concept which has been used in this article is related with qualitative positive research. These positive researches have been provided by Darwins theory of evaluation. In this theoretical model it has been suggested that there are mainly two purposes to use qualitative measurement in positive accounting research (Dyckman and Zeff, 2014). First is relate with gathering data from the public and second is to implement regression analysis on the collected data to measure its variances in accounting practice. However, this theoretical approach provides auditors behaviors in gauging accounting and auditing data provided by organizations (Li, 2015). This helps in identifying the accountant behaviors and their choice of actions in preparin g accounts of company. Afterward, auditors use these human behaviors to detect and rectify the possible errors and mistakes in certain accounting data of organizations. It is hard to see how realistic model of process can be constructed or relevant variables could be measured for qualitative research. In addition to this, if auditors would not take this realistic model approach in their auditing functioning then it would increase the possibilities of type- 1 errors. These would be result of model Mis- specifications. Critical research provides that these theories provides clear view point of world and human behavior which is helpful in gauging humans decision and where they could make mistakes in data accounting (Deegan, 2017). The null hypothesis adopted in positive accounting practice also reflects the basis to determine possible factors of human behaviors in accounting data and recording financial transactions in organizations. In addition to this, test statistic under the null h ypothesis depends crucially on the auxiliary assumptions. There are several papers either in Americana or international which provides models and measurement issues more seriously to solve mistakes and errors in positive accounting research (Slater, et al. 2014). Significant of Positive Accounting Research The main significance of this research program is to develop an understanding of human behavior of accounting practice. There are several models and research program which provides the human behavior in positive accounting research and cause and effect relation. In addition to this, it is also observed quantitative approach has helped to gather all the required data from the accountant to gauge their reciprocal behavior with the accounting of financial transactions. This positive accounting research provides an effective measurement to analysis the human behavior and their actions. Audit procedure is developed with a view to identify the errors and common mistake sin accounts of company. Hypothesis of data provides all the possible outcomes and decisions of human as per different human behavior. The purpose of this system may not actually be to add to our knowledge of human behavior in accounting- related contexts but to provide readymade answers to accountant which could be solved w ith high manner. There are several intellectual support system and academics which support to evaluate human behavior and their reciprocal behavior in determined approach (Guan, 2014). Limitation of Positive Accounting Research All the research and data collection in this article is completely based on the primary and secondary data. This data may fail to evaluate human behavior and how they reciprocate with particular circumstances. It is further observed that auditors may fail to evaluate all the errors and mistakes in positive accounting practice (Smith, 2014). In addition to this, research prepared on ontology and epistemology is also not effective. It provides less amount of certainty with the collected data. Hypothetical test used in this research is also provides uncertain data based on certain assumptions which varied with the changes in time and factors of economics. Parameters set up in this positive accounting research are limited to the extent of understanding of accountant and auditors fails to gauge the mind set of accountant before reviewing accounts of corporations (Bertomeu, Darrough and Xue, 2017). Conclusion In this report various facts and theories have been gauged to provide effectiveness and limitation of positive accounting practice. In positive accounting research there is need for data archives of measurement of important concepts which could be used by auditors to check accounting practice of organizations. The main critique in this positive accounting research is related with use of hypothesis of data and use of qualitative approach in data collection and data analysis of financial transactions. It is evaluated that auditors need to effectively gauge the accountant behavior and their accounting technique while booking financial transactions. This would help auditors to evaluate all the possible errors and mistakes in accounting practice of humans. The main problem which could be identified in this positive accounting research is to establish cause and effect relation of humans. There are several theories and framework models which have been discussed in this article which put emp hasis upon how humans takes their decisions and how auditors could pass qualified audit report after determining accountants behavior with positive accounting practice. Now in the end, it would be inferred that positive accounting research provides that if auditor works as per the required criteria then there would be less chances of mistakes occurring in auditing and accounting data of organizations. These types of assumptions are based on several theories and models given in this positive accounting research. References Ahmed, A.S., Neel, M. and Wang, D., 2013. Does mandatory adoption of IFRS improve accounting quality? Preliminary evidence.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(4), pp.1344-1372. Bertomeu, J., Darrough, M. and Xue, W., 2017. Optimal conservatism with earnings manipulation.Contemporary Accounting Research,34(1), pp.252-284. Brown, P., Preiato, J. and Tarca, A., 2014. Measuring country differences in enforcement of accounting standards: An audit and enforcement proxy.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,41(1-2), pp.1-52. Deegan, C., 2017. Twenty five years of social and environmental accounting research within Critical Perspectives of Accounting: Hits, misses and ways forward.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,43, pp.65-87. Dyckman, T.R. and Zeff, S.A., 2014. Some methodological deficiencies in empirical research articles in accounting.Accounting Horizons,28(3), pp.695-712. Engle, T.J. and Hunton, J.E., 2015. Retraction: The Effects of Small Monetary Incentives on Response Quality and Rates in the Positive Confirmation of Account Receivable Balances.AUDITING: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(3), pp.201-201. Everett, J., Neu, D., Rahaman, A.S. and Maharaj, G., 2015. Praxis, Doxa and research methods: Reconsidering critical accounting.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,32, pp.37-44. Fang, J., Haw, I.M., Yu, V. and Zhang, X., 2014. Positive externality of analyst coverage upon audit services: Evidence from China.Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting Economics,21(2), pp.186-206. Guan, K., 2014. Corporate Growth, Audit Quality and Accounting Conservatism: Empirical Evidence from Public Companies in China.Journal of Accounting and Economics,5(005). Klemstine, C.F. and Maher, M.W., 2014.Management Accounting Research (RLE Accounting): A Review and Annotated Bibliography. Routledge. Li, X., 2015. Accounting conservatism and the cost of capital: An international analysis.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,42(5-6), pp.555-582. Slater, R.A., Koren, S., Ramot, Y., Buchs, A. and Rapoport, M.J., 2014. Interpreting the results of the Semmes?Weinstein monofilament test: accounting for false?positive answers in the international consensus on the diabetic foot protocol by a new model.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews,30(1), pp.77-80. Smith, M., 2014.Research methods in accounting. Sage. Waymire, G.B., 2014. Neuroscience and ultimate causation in accounting research.The Accounting Review,89(6), pp.2011-2019.

Nature of the sales environment. Essay Example

Nature of the sales environment. Paper For example, a swimmer has to do practice regularly for hours in order to keep them fit for competitions. Even though the swimmer has succeeded in number of competition he has to work out regularly, everyday in order to defend his position at the highest level. During his training swimmer should focus on the mistakes which had made in the past competitions, also should train and prepare himself in such a way that shouldnt repeat the same mistakes in future. There is an analogy between the competitive sports and salesmanship. As like in sports salesperson has to master the art of selling he products of the enterprise to the customers. The sales person himself should learn the fundamentals of selling and master them in order to get best results. The nature of sales personality depends on certain extent on heredity and environment. An intelligent salesman would combine the study and actual practice of the fundamentals by analysis. (Management-hub, 201 2) Many studies have been conducted on understanding the customer and uncovering why some sales seem so easy and others seem almost impossible, even when the salesperson is using the same technique. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature of the sales environment. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nature of the sales environment. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nature of the sales environment. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In fact, he correct environment for customers to purchase and have business dealings with companies is a science. There are many rules and verifiable factors that can either increase or decrease the likelihood of making a sale. To understand the findings of these studies, everyone need to examine the common points listed below. (Sale Creators, 2007) 1. Leave the customer in their comfort zone. 2. Let the customer see you want to help and serve. 3. Do not feel hurried or pressured. 4. Do not hurry or pressure your customer. 5. Have effective human relations communications skills. . Have the sales environment maintained, clean and uncluttered. To increase a buyers receptiveness, a business has to take the findings of the points above and replace or correct any area that might be a concern for their customer. Every customer has anxieties when they meet a new person for the first time, or when they are in a new environment like a shop or store. This anxiety comes from the always present unknowns with a new encounter. A lot Of people have similar thought of or expressed these statements at one time in their lives. This is what defines their comfort zones. When comfort ones are challenged to expand humans often fight the process. Many times nobody do not want to change from what is comfortable. The removal of any of these buying anxieties creates a more positive sales environment. (Sale Creators, 2007) Pete Keno says: that generally in the business, it is necessary to find efficient methods of changing the sales environment. This might be necessary while the company evaluates it profitability during a sales year and finds they have experienced a loss. Transforming the sales environment will be no easy job for a company, however management can achieve this through utilizing the eve major factors of sales success. It is essential that every sales staff, including the managers, are trained in 5 features of sales strategies; defining the sales campaign, sales motivation, sales presentation, sales methodologies, and sales leadership skills. These five vital elements of sales techniques will arm your company with a successful sales team, the backbone of a companys overall profitability and long-term viability. Sales Success, 201 2) The first sale success will need in changing the sales environment is defining the sales operation. This begins with knowing targets Of client including demographic factors like age, educational background, earnings level, geographic location, and ethnicity. By knowing whom to go after with a product or service, available efficiently develop the companys sales presentation. A sales team needs the proper amoun t of time to prepare an effective sales technique when making the presentation. This consists of correct training in the next part of the five armor elements of sales success, sales methodologies. Provide the workers proper training including online programs and in-house training so people would be ready to stay updated tit modern sales presentation trends. Giving the sales team the required training would assist to stay motivated to do the best possible job in their sales efforts for any company. When the success of the company relies upon changing the sales environment, equip your sales team with the very best tools offered by training them sales techniques. Sales Success, 201 2) As was discussed, role of selling plays an important thing for any business, but for example, international selling for economic survival of every country, because it permits to have the balance between their export earnings and import expenditure also known as the balance of payments. (Jobber and Lancaster, 1997) Economy Watch news wrote out: that the UK is the 7th leading importer a nd the 1 lath leading exporter in the world. Accordingly, the UK holds a massive trade deficit with the rest of the world, second only to the US. In 201 0, UK imports were worth US 546. 5 billion dollar with exports valued at only LOSSES. 6 billion dollar. Despite recent attempts by the government to reduce the trade deficit, the latest data from Auks Office of National Statistics points to an ever-widening trade gap. Since the beginning of 2011 , Auks monthly trade deficit has hit record levels of more than E billion per month. The monthly deficit in the Suffer 2011 is also exceeding the previous record level of E. 5 billion per month reached in 2007. The increase in Auks budget deficit has also affected Auks trade deficit. Therefore, the Auks austerity plan to cut down public spending is necessary in order to reduce the trade deficit as well. So here is seen how necessarily international sales for UK in a whole. (Economy Watch, 201 2) Importing is when an individual or cuisines brings goods or services into the UK from another country. Careful consideration as to the practicalities needs to be given if intend to imports goods; this may include how to get the goods into the country, as well as the legal requirements. Under UK law, a number of legal responsibilities are imposed on a company, if wish to import goods in the ASK. One of the first and probably most important duties being that will have to check if the Department for Business, Innovation Skills (IBIS) requires business to have a license. (Inbreed, 2012) By the way selling overseas is different compared to he domestic market, it however, provides individual firms with a number of benefits. As access to international markets becomes easier and more companies enter those markets, the competition between companies becomes harder, no matter which industry they Operate in. Donaldson (2006) notes that even if the company does not do business abroad it is more likely to face competition from foreign firms in their home market, therefore by deciding to sell abroad it becomes more competitive and less vulnerable to economic crises. Other benefits are the opportunity for companies to achieve cost savings through increased economies of scale, as well as greater sales and faster growth due to demand in other markets which in turn can compensate the loss in the domestic market. All these is now possible due to technology which allows firms to control and coordinate operations globally because through the invention of internet and telecommunication the interaction with external customers and suppliers became much quicker and easier. Another important factor is Language because the first challenge when dealing with international markets is to overcome the language barrier. It is especially crucial in direct selling. Good knowledge of the another language will make sales easier and can make a dramatic difference because the salesperson has greater access to a local society and no interpreter is required. Companies usually translating theirs product advertising in local language, for example, umbra the ILK sports manufacturer had to withdraw a whole range of trainers called Gallon, after a number of complains from individuals and other organizations regarding its name. This is because Gallon was the name of the gas used to murder millions of Jews in concentration camps. This problem exists in any foreign company not only for UK firms; Chevrolet Nova also suffered poor sales in Latin America because No VA in Spanish translated as does not go . Honda introduced their new car Fiat into Nordic countries in 2001. Fifthly had taken the time to undertake some cross cultural marketing research they may have discovered that fit was an old word used in vulgar language in Swedish, Norwegian and Danish. In the end they renamed it Honda Jazz. The Swedish furniture giant KEA somehow agreed upon the name fretful for one of its new desks. All these examples show that the companies were not fully aware of the translation and meaning of their brand names implied in the native languages of the markets they were dealing with, which proves and study of the language would have saved them a lot of money. Quintessential, 2010) This proves that differences in culture creates some ethical dilemmas or misbehaver and in order to overcome potential pitfalls the companies should refer to the help of specialists such as a cross cultural consultant, who would examine words, images, pictures, and colors to ensure that they fit well with the targeted market. Also companies must do cross cultural training to equip their r epresentatives with the knowledge of two or three cultures that are likely to be at the table during a negotiation, as well as pay more attention to marketing and advertising requirements in overseas markets. Quintessential, 201 0) Also possible to add that, any material intended for import is sourced consistently with the legal and ethical review requirements in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. When an individual, establishment or organization imports material for research, it is good practice for approval to be obtained room a research ethics authority or the local equivalent in the source country beforehand. Many countries have research ethics arrangements which operate to agreed standards. The ethical review in the source country may, in some cases, be considered to provide suitable assurances for the importing of material into SKI market. Human Tissue Authority, 2012) For example, tobacco manufactures use different pricing depending on the country they import to, in the UK cigarettes are more expensive than in Russia or some European countries, because of the high import tariffs and taxes imposed by he UK government. Political factors can also affect methods of selling that companies choose to distribute their products, Poppy Corporation that used direct selling techniques failed to enter Japan market because this form of selling is considered by the government as a base for criminal activity. In order to comply with Japans regulations Poppy should have changed its business plan to selling its products in retail stores. (Inbreed, 2012) Other difficult area of management is Sales forecasting. Most managers believe they are good at forecasting. However, forecasts made usually turn UT to be wrong. Marketers argue about whether sales forecasting is a science or an art. The short answer is that it is a bit of both. Businesses are forced to look well ahead in order to plan their investments, launch new products, decide when to close or withdraw products and so on. The sales forecasting process is a critical one for most businesses. Key decisions that are derived from a sales forecast include: Employment levels required Promotional mix Investment in production capacity For example, accurately forecasting sales and building a sales plan can help o manage production, staff and financing needs more effectively and possibly avoid unforeseen cash flow problems. While its always wise to expect the unexpected, a well-constructed sales plan, combined with accurate sales forecasting, can allow to spend more time developing business rather than responding to day-to-day developments in sales and marketing. (Tutor to you, 201 2) In conclusion, it is definitely possible to state: that on nature of selling in general affects a lot of important aspects, because with the development of the UK and global market individual companies have been effected in different ways. To avoid any negative impacts, companies should include and underline all arguments which was stated above. The main responsibility of the Sales managers is to meet and interact with a variety of customers including their own employees so as to understand the real needs of customers and devise qualitative and effective plans to meet the requirements of the customers. Some companies were waited success, they discovered new opportunities for expansion and growth, while others faced fierce competition and struggled to overcome the external pressure caused y cultural, ethical, economic, legal and political and other differences.

Amazon Publishing What is it Like to Get Signed By Them

Amazon Publishing What is it Like to Get Signed By Them Amazon Publishing: What is it Like to Get Signed By Them? Most book sales happen on Amazon these days, so there’s something incredibly appealing about having the same company publish your book. Luckily, while Amazon’s algorithms can seem mysterious, the workings of Amazon Publishing (one of the biggest publishers today) are less vague - thanks to feedback from authors who have worked with them.This post will dive into the workings of Amazon Publishing (or APub), giving you a sneak peek of what it’s like to work with them from Natalie Barelli (whose crime novel Until I Met Her was picked up by APub’s thriller imprint), and Eliot Peper, (whose Analog series was signed by their sci-fi and fantasy imprint).And on that note, let’s learn a little more about APub and it's various imprints. Get a sneak peak into what it's like to score an #AmazonPublishing book deal. What is Amazon Publishing?Amazon Publishing is Amazon’s book publishing unit. Established in 2009, it comprises 16 imprints that publish trade fiction, non-fiction, and children’s fiction around the world.Learn more about how Reedsy can help you craft a beautiful book.Amazon Publishing seems to be highly regarded by the authors who are signed by their imprints. Scoring a contract with them will not guarantee sales of your book, and some authors do report a flatline in purchases of their titles.Eliot Peper puts it very well when he says: â€Å"No matter what publication path you choose or who you publish with, you are in charge of your career. Always put your readers' interests before anyone else's. Start from first principles and never accept ‘this is just how things are done’ when something doesn't make sense. Build your own audience on your own terms. Be kind. Be generous. Be patient. Every artist is an entrepreneur, so embrace, understand, and grow the business of your creativity.†Have you been published by an Amazon Publishing imprint? Share your experiences with us! Or feel free to leave any questions, thoughts, or remarks in the comments below.

The effect of financial crisis on Islamic banking Compared with Essay - 1

The effect of financial crisis on Islamic banking Compared with non-Islamic banking in Gulf council countries (GCC) - Essay Example The paper will also discuss the key features of GCC economy, and that one of Qatar in particular. The economic features of this region will be tied to the factors that led to a better performance of IBs in GCC, during 2008 financial crisis. The largest Islamic banks (IBs) belong to the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The 2008-2010 global financial crises brought a fresh perspective on the relationship between financial stability and Islamic banking, especial in relation to the flexibility of such an industry during financial crises. Some specialists have argued that the Islamic banks were less affected by the financial crises because of their risk-sharing and asset-based nature as well as the fact that they do not deal with the kind of assets associated with most of the losses that non-Islamic banks suffer during financial crises. Still another section of experts argue that the Islamic Banks, just like the non-Islamic banks, have depended on leverage and have taken on considerable amounts of risks that expose them to the second phase impact of the global financial crises (ÄÅ'ihà ¡k & Hesse, 2008). By and large, Islamic Banks suffered less risk compared to non-Islamic banks during the 2008 financial crisis, especially considering that the non-Islamic banks suffered the largest losses in Europe and the US. A close study on 2008 financial crises shows that Islamic Banks did better, in terms of profitability, than the non-Islamic banks. This situation, however, retracted in 2009 as the impact of the crises became more real. Islamic Banks from GCC continuously showed a growth in assets and credit that surpassed the non-Islamic banks in all countries, apart from UAE (ÄÅ'ihà ¡k & Hesse, 2008). The nature of Islamic banks business model played a key role in containing the unfavorable effect on their profitability during 2008 financial crisis. Additionally, some Islamic banks

Cold War Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Cold War Final - Essay Example Between 1947 and 1991, the Soviet Union faced up to the United States and its allies in a political tension that threatened the peace of other uninvolved nations. With the two groups having nuclear capabilities, the world nearly suffered due to differences. While none of the two actually engaged in military attacks against each other, threats were issued as diplomatic rows raged on (Totten, 2013). Unfortunately, even though the row involved only two groups, whatever else happened in the world was largely dictated by the events unfolding between the two. War- whether real or cold- is a detriment to education, and if could be avoided, that is the best option. Totten (2013) claims that the status of US education and the world at large was greatly affected by the standoff. Before the war escalated, the effects were not felt that much but that situation changed as the intensity of the war took to new heights. Sadly, the flashpoints witnessed during this war were passed on to the children hence affecting their lives negatively. Consequently, the relations between the students from the countries at war expressed similar attitudes to each thus polarizing the education status. Great fear seized the Western countries and their respective citizens with many fearing the worst in terms of economic status (Richards, 2012). Many feared that Russia’s financial gains would worsen the matter; the US feared domination of the rest of the world by Russia. As a result, every side tried as much as possible to assemble its allies in case the war turned violent. Furthermore, crisis happening elsewhere in the world saw each of the side support one and oppose the other with stakes. Today, though the intensity of the war is nowhere near that time, Bayulgen and Arbatli (2013) claim that there is still a cold war between the US and Russia. Recently, the US has

If I Could Tell You Essay Essay Example for Free

If I Could Tell You Essay Essay TimeTime, said to be eternal, possess neither a beginning nor an end. Yet however there is a fixation on being able to measure it in years, months, days, hours, minutes and seconds. Trying to save time with new technology, manage time with multi-tasking activities. All in the hopes of giving meanings to the past, present and future. The past is able to been seen but not changed, today is in the present yet still unpredictable, and tomorrow is not guaranteed. If I Could Tell You by W. H. Auden is a villanelle much like others using rhyme, repetition, and meter, that revolve around the main idea of the continuity time and its unforeseeable nature. The rhyming of the alternating ending lines, â€Å"Time will say nothing but I told you so† (1) and â€Å"If I could tell you I would let you know† (3) keep the rhyme scheme which stays on the central themes. â€Å"Time will say nothing but i told you so† shows that time keeps going, because this is a statement. Although the things of the future are unforeseeable, it is guaranteed that in the end the only one who will know what will happen is Time. â€Å"If I could tell you I would let you know† show how unforeseeable Time is. Auden knows that he can not see into the future, which is why he says â€Å"If I could †. These two phrases depict the speakers understanding of the continuity of time even though he shows to have a desire to know ahead of time what to do before certain events. The villanelle itself has a rhythm as a whole through periodical thinking. The beginning shows how Time does not wait for anything or anyone, â€Å"nothing but I told you so†. He later goes on to question Time in the second stanza and if we should fight back, which is why he says â€Å"weep when clowns put on their show† and â€Å"stumble when musicians play† which are juxtapositions since these actions are not likely given the circumstances. The third stanza shows the shift as he begins to understand that Time is necessary and things have to happen for a reason, â€Å"the winds must come from somewhere†. In the fourth stanza his train of thought is nearing a conclusion as he begins to wonder if not only do things have to happen, but are they meant to happen for the greater good, â€Å"Perhaps the roses really want to grow†. The ending shows Audens maturity throughout the villanelle and ends with â€Å"If I could tell you I would let you know † stating that Time is out of his hands, but it is acceptable and if there was anyway he could help, he would. Throughout the villanelle, time is personified and introduced to the reader as an unreliable character, through. Auden blames Time for unwanted changes in life, and he repeats the line because he observes that all changes, even those that are unintentional, come with Time. The repetition of Time at the end of the stanza rather than the beginning or end display how eternal time is. The first part of each stanza question Time, but all ends with â€Å"Time will say nothing but I told you so†, explaining that whatever Auden thinks or observes, will all be part of the past in the future. Much like poetry as a whole, used to express emotion and speechless opinions, the villanelle is almost perfect fitting for the theme of time. A villanelles structure alone portrays almost a near exhibition of time. Through the first five stanzas, a villanelle is predictable with tercets although the last stanza is a quatrain. This depiction could be metaphorical that time can be planned although in the end, everything may not come to together as hoped. The meter only emphasises this metaphor more by breaking the alternating line in each of the tercets before at the end. Audens desire to be able to match time is emphasized by the repetition of two phrases by the structure of the poem, which in itself helps portray the author’s idea about times continuity and its unforeseeable nature.

The doom of apple :: essays research papers

The Ethics of War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unrestricted submarine warfare is often considered a shady practice in a time of war. Unrestricted submarine warfare is when one country sets up an area that is declared a war-zone, any ships that enter this zone, military or civilian, will be fired upon without warning. Is this right? In my essay, I will weigh the pros and cons of this tactic used by the German’s in WWI.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The practice of unrestricted warfare cost the lives of many innocent people. No warning is given so there is no chance to surrender or abandon ship! And foremost, unrestricted submarine warfare violates the so-called rules of war. In the case of the Lucitania, it was believed to be carrying supplies (this was true) and the ship could have later become a threat to Germany if converted into a war or transport ship. But, at the time, the ship or its 2000 passengers were not a threat to U-20, yet the Lucitiana was sunk without warning and with massive losses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unrestricted submarine warfare is a very shady, but effective tactic, nonetheless. When implemented, little to no supplies reach your enemies, this gives a tactical strangle hold on a war. Why is no warring given on civilian ships? To a U-boat stealth and surprise are its only defenses. Once a U-boat reveals itself, it is open to ramming and attack thus endangering the crew. In most cases, keeping your troops safe comes above keeping the enemies safe. Why would someone need to attack a civilian ship anyway? Because they may be carrying supplies. To say unrestricted submarine warfare violates the â€Å"rules† of war then why is the opposition violating the â€Å"rules† by putting troops and supplies on a civilian ship making it a target of submarines? Using the lives of innocent people as a shield to protect supplies is just as bad as firing on an unarmed ship without warning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is unrestricted submarine warfare right? In my opinion a submarine must give civilian ships a chance to abandon ship. A submarine does not need to expose itself to send a warning, send a radio ultimatum, and then a warning shot. How much of a treat could a passenger ship pose anyway?

Computerized Library System Essay

Introduction A library is a place in which literary and artistic materials such as books, periodicals, newspapers, pamphlets, prints, records, and tapes, are kept for reading, reference or lending. A collection of such materials, especially when systematically arranged; a room of private home for such collection. At first glance, your library is a bunch of books with a librarian to check them out to you, and back in when you return them. Your librarian insures (of tries to, as money permits) your library is well stocked with current titles. These current titles include, in addition to  books, videos, tapes and CDs, magazines, encyclopedia, genealogical research stuff and more. The librarian also has to keep the building neat and in good repair and also these things only shows a few of the things which make up your library. Early modern libraries – Johannes Gutenberg’s movable type innovation in the 15th century revolutionized bookmaking. From the 15th century in central and northern Italy, the assiduously assembled libraries of humanists and their enlightened patrons provided a nucleus around which an â€Å"academy† of scholars congregated in each Italian city of consequence. Cosimo de Medici in Florence established his own collection, which formed the basis of the Laurentian Library. [20] In Rome, the papal collections were brought together by Pope Nicholas V, in separate Greek and Latin libraries, and housed by Pope Sixtus IV, who consigned the Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana to the care of his librarian, the humanist Bartolomeo Platina in February 1475. [21] In the 16th century Sixtus V bisected Bramante’s Cortile del Belvedere with a cross-wing to house the Apostolic Library in suitable magnificence. Background of the Study Objectives of the Study: The purpose of this study is to expand the knowledge about the library system. We developed a new library system for easier transactions of the library and a hassle-free job. General Objective – This study aims to design and develop library system for faster processing and hassle-free for borrowing of books of the students. Specific Objectives – In order to meet the requirements of the general objective, the following specific objectives were formulated: 1. To define possible problems in a library. 2. To analyze how the traditional library system works. 3. To prove that the proposed system is technically and operationally feasible for implementation. Statement of the Problems 1. When most users do not return books at the exact deadline. 2. When most people make noise in the library. 3. Not following a rule that one shouldn’t bring food or drinks. 4. When some of the books cannot be easily found due to unorganized compilation of it. 5. Sometimes it’s hard for the librarian to use the traditional library system so we must prefer a new system for the library. Scope and Limitation Scope – The primary objective is to develop a computerized library system that can help others in listing and manipulating the transaction throughout the borrowing and returning process of the book. The proposed system will provide an innovation for the current traditional system that others use. Limitation – Although this research was carefully prepared, I am still aware of its limitations and shortcomings. First, because of the limit, this research was only conducted only a small size of population like the also students in the entire campus. Therefore, to generalize the results for larger groups, the study should have involved more participants at different levels. Second, the population of the experimental group is small, only thirty-five students and might not represent the majority of the students of the intermediate level. Third, since the questionnaire designed to measure the students’ attitude towards the use of communication strategies might give useful information about the impacts of communicative strategies; it seems not to provide enough evidence of the students’ actual behaving to communication skills in their speaking performance. Significance of the Study The study is aimed at enhancing the existing manual processing system that will make operations more organized, efficient and convenient to use. It is also used to track items owned, orders made, bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed. A library system is usually comprises a relational database, software to interact with that database, and two graphical user interfaces (one for patrons, one for staff). Most library systems separate software functions into discrete programs called modules, each of them integrated with a unified interface. Definition of Terms Database – An organized body of related information Library – A library is a collection of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, a library is a collection of books. It can mean the collection itself, the building or room that houses such a collection, or both. The term â€Å"library† has itself acquired a secondary meaning: â€Å"a collection of useful material for common use. † This sense is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics, electronics and biology. It can also be used by publishers in naming series of related books, e. g. The Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology. Libraries most often provide a place of silence for studying. Librarian – A librarian a professional library worker. In most cases, a librarian holds at least a Master’s degree in Library Science from an ALA-accredited library school. He or she may have additional degrees. System – A system is a collection of elements or components that are organized for a common purpose. The word sometimes describes the organization or plan itself (and is similar in meaning to method, as in â€Å"I have my own little system†) and sometimes describes the parts in the system (as in â€Å"computer system†). Data Flow Diagram – A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the â€Å"flow† of data through an information system. DFDs can also be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design). Flowchart – A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting these with arrows. This diagrammatic representation can give a step-by-step solution to a given problem. Process operations are represented in these boxes, and arrows connecting them represent flow of control. Data flows are not typically represented in a flowchart, in contrast with data flow diagrams; rather, they are implied by the sequencing of operations. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields. Chapter II Review of Related Literature Local Studies The Silliman University Main Library System began its services with only two bookcases and one small room in Silliman Hall. From this humble beginning, the library collection grew steadily. Today, with its present magnificent edifice, some observers have been heard to remark that it could well be among the best in Southeast Asia. The library aims to equip itself with updated materials, facilities, and equipment in support of the University’s quest for excellence in all its academic programs. The Library now holds more than 100,000 volumes of books on various subjects. It subscribes to local and foreign serials and maintains special pamphlet collections, namely, Filipiniana, Southeast Asia, and United Nations. It also has a Sillimaniana collection which is housed in an air-conditioned room located at the southern portion of the first floor of the library building. Materials in the collection include the Weekly Sillimanian, Sillimanian Magazine, Portal, Faculty and Staff publications, and others. Various plaques and trophies awarded to the University, as well as, portraits of present and past presidents of Silliman University are also on display. In terms of facilities, the Library provides individual study carrels for its users. In addition, there are also faculty study rooms for the use of faculty/staff members who are undertaking research work for the University, or writing their theses or dissertations. These faculty rooms are available upon application at the University Librarian’s Office. For group discussions, there are two discussion rooms available at the second floor of the library building, on a first come, first served basis. Foreign Studies It’s Time for a National Digital-Library System By David H. Rothman William F. Buckley Jr. , once denounced the growing popularity of CD-ROM’s in student research. Shouldn’t young people learn from real books? Tom Peters, a veteran public-library advocate, is coordinator of LibraryCity. org, a new online ad hoc group that will seek to deal with these matters, especially whether the national digital library should be mainly for the intellectual elite or also serve the rest of society in many directly practical ways. Peters is a former director of the Center for Library Initiatives of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation, a consortium of the Big Ten universities plus the University of Chicago. I am co-founder of LibraryCity, and like Peters, I hope that Darnton and others will agree with the idea of a genuine public library rich in content and services for the nonelite as well as the elite. Harvard’s Berkman Center for Internet & Society is sponsoring the March workshop to kick off its research and planning initiative for a â€Å"Digital Public Library of America. † With funds from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the project will bring together a diverse group of stakeholders to define the scope, architecture, costs, and administration of such a library. LibraryCity’s intent is to augment the Harvard effort, rather than replace it, by offering a grass-roots perspective in depth. Chapter III Methodology and System Software Design Nowadays, in a highly technological society, human productivity is made more efficient through the development of electronic gadgets. Now, with the advent of such modernization in education, one way to globalize the process of research is to realize that technology is advancing at an incredibly fast pace. Computers are not confined to being used for entertainment but its role in education is also vast. In addition, it is a place in which we get information in any format and from many sources. The librarian has to keep the room neat so that it is conducive for learning. The librarian is also the person who is liable for monitoring all the books that are borrowed and returned by the borrowers. The aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of the computerized library system in order to support the continuous learning in various pedagogical settings. To achieve this primary goal, the study should consider the three objectives. First is to compare the existing library system from the traditional system and identify the pros and cons in both public and private learning institutions. Second is to compare and contrast the various schools or universities that successfully managed the computerized approach as new library system. Third is to identify the weaknesses and potential threats to make a recommendation on how to strengthen the computerized library system. Respondents of the Study We have asked 25 people randomly and mostly they are students and teachers. Since data for this study will be collected by mail or by giving them a questionnaire, the respondents have the convenience of answering the survey in their own home or wherever is comfortable with them. Data Gathering Technique The proponent gathered support documents and point of views of the target users and beneficiaries of the proposed system at the Customs office. The information gathered were compiled and processed for use in the development of the proposed system. The different ways of gathering information and ideas used in this study were: Interview – This technique, wherein the proponent discusses and poses question to the respondent, was used to gather data and information for the study. Refer to Appendix – B for the contents of the interviews conducted. Questionnaire – This data gathering instrument contains a series of formulated questions submitted to a number of people in order to obtain information on a particular subject matter. The proponent prepared printed paper questionnaires and distributed them to the respondents. Refer to Appendix – C for a copy of this Questionnaire. Observation – This instrument was used in analyzing the existing system. The proponent observed and noted the flow of work in the existing system. The researcher then used it to identify where problems are commonly encountered. The proponent would use the observations to suggest a better and effective system. Refer to Appendix – D for notes made during observation tours and meetings. Evaluation – This method was used to assess the capability level of the existing and the proposed system software using a set of criteria, namely: accessibility, accuracy, efficiency, and speed and user friendliness. Refer to Appendix – E for a copy of the Evaluation Form. Statistical Treatment of Data Information and data gathered in the course of the study were both qualitative and quantitative in form. For the quantitative data, the researcher applied statistical methods of analysis in order to the properly interpret and present data in a more understandable form. The following statistical methods were used to interpret the results: Percentage – This statistic refers to the relation between the part under consideration to the whole, expressed in hundredths. Ranking – This refers to arranging of scores of the data in numerical order. Frequency – This represents the number of respondents that obtained a particular score. Weighted mean Wm = f (x1 + x2 + †¦. xn) N Method Used in Developing the System This part shows the various phases of the software development which are presented as a step-by-step process for the proponent to understand better the development of the proposed system. It is in this stage where the important parts of the proposed system were put together. The proponent used the classical life cycle model which is also known as the waterfall model in developing the system. It views the software process as being made up of number of stages namely: the Planning phase, the Analysis phase, the Design phase, the Development phase and the Implementation phase. Refer to Figure 3. 0. Figure 2. 0 The Waterfall Model By: Ian Somerville Planning Phase – In this phase, a study is conducted with the aim of identifying problems in the existing system. It also determines the conditions for solving the problems, whether the proponent should spend more time and work, or gather additional information. The proponent needs an overview of the projected work to determine the, resources needed, the requirements of the system, a graphical outline of the project, and the timetable to adhere with and the projections to make. Analysis Phase – This phase is used to have a clear understanding of the existing system in order to identify problems encountered so that it may be corrected or modified. It also identifies the data and processes used in the existing system that would also be used in the proposed system but applied in an automated and organized manner. Design Phase – The proponent should design a program with a logical process flow that the target users could easily and clearly understand. Every object in the commands should be in the correct hierarchical position from main to specific functions and processes. The proponent should make a program that is designed to attract the users. Development Phase – In this phase, the proponent starts to develop the system using information from the previous phases. With the shortcomings of the existing system identified, the proponent incorporates the solutions that would make the proposed system better. The problems encountered in the existing system are now considered solved with the proposed system an enhanced version of the former. Implementation Phase – This is final phase wherein the proposed system is now installed, brought to operation and used. Prior to actual operation, the system is tested for bugs and a simulated run is conducted to verify if the proposed system indeed improves the operations of the existing system. Analytical Tools Analytical tools were used to highlight the various parts the proposed system. They served to give a graphical representation of the system to the system developer. The tools used in developing the software were: Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Visual table of contents (VTOC), Input process and Output (IPO) diagram, Program Flowchart. These were considered very important in developing the system. Program Flowchart – This is a logical chart containing symbols referring to computer operations that describe how the program works or performs. This tool was used to design and develop overall software architecture. See Appendix – (A) Context Diagram – The ‘context’ of any situation is the external environment in which it exists. In process terms, the context contains other processes that provide inputs and outputs to and from the process in question. See Appendix – (B) Visual Table of Contents (VTOC) – This shows the hierarchical structure of the system moving from general to specific. It is also the chart that allocates different entities within the main program. See Appendix – (C) HIPO (Hierarchy plus Input-Process-Output) – technique is a tool for planning and/or documenting a computer program. A HIPO model consists of a hierarchy chart that graphically represents the program’s control structure and a set of IPO (Input-Process-Output) charts that describe the inputs to, the outputs from, and the functions (or processes) performed by each module on the hierarchy chart. See Appendix – (E) Proposed System (Screen Layouts) – You can see the appearance of the entire skin layout of the system. See Appendix (F) Exploded Diagram – A more detailed than the context diagram. See Appendix – (G) Data Flow Diagram (DFD) – It represents all the entities to the system, the flow of the data from the beginning to the end, together with the processes undertaken. Refer to Appendix G for the Data Flow Diagram used in developing the system. See Appendix – (H) Gantt chart – is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project. See Appendix – (I) Chapter IV. Recommendation This research study suggest that Conclusion APPENDICES Appendix A The Flowchart of the Proposed Library System F T NO YES Appendix B Context Diagram Appendix C Visual Table of Contents (VTOC) Appendix D Module: Login Title: Computerized Library System Reference: 1. 0 Author: Group 3 |INPUT |PROCESS |OUTPUT | |Mouse Click |If the choice is username then load and display|Username | | | | | |Login Form |If the choice is password then load and display|Password | Module: Information of the Student Title: Computerized Library System Reference: 2. 0 Author: Group 3. |INPUT |PROCESS |OUTPUT | |Mouse Click |If the choice is name of student then load and |Name of Student | | |display | | | | | | | |If the choice is course then load and display |Course | | | | | | |If the choice is section then load and display |Section | |Information of the Student | | | | |If the choice is year level then load and | | | |display |Year level | | | | | | |If the choice is add student then load and |Add Student | | |display | | Module: Details of the Book borrowed; date borrowed Title: Computerized Library System Reference: 3. 0 Author: Group 3. |INPUT |PROCESS |OUTPUT | |Mouse Click |If the choice is Name of the Book then load and|Name of the Book | | |display | | | | | | | |If the choice is Author of the Book then load |Author of the Book | | |and display | | |Details of the book Borrowed; Date | |Date Borrowed | |Borrowed/Returned |If the choice is Borrowed then load and | | | |display | | | | |Date that the book will be returned | | |If the choice is Date that the book will be | | | |returned then load and display | | Module: List of Borrowers Title: Computerized Library System Reference: 4. 0 Author: Group 3. |INPUT |PROCESS |OUTPUT | |Mouse Click | | | |List of Borrowers |If the choice is Table view of borrowers then |Table view of borrowers | | |load and display | | Appendix F SCREEN LAYOUTS OF THE SYSTEM The screen interface of the login form [pic] The screen interface of the error message [pic] The screen interface of the main form [pic] The screen interface of the adding students form [pic] The screen interface of the details of the book form [pic] The screen interface of the table view of the borrowers form [pic] Appendix G Data Flow Diagram Verify Filling up Info. Append Student Saving new student D1 Adding Student Table viewFilling up infos. Appendix H Exploded Diagram |Task Name |Nov. 7 |Nov. 14 |Nov. 28 |Dec. 5 |Dec. 12 | | |T | |2. Compile Question for Interview | | |3. Interview | | | |4. Problem Statement | | | |5. Initial Scheduling | | | |6. Gathering of Source Document | | | |7. Identifying Customer Needs | | | |8. Concept Design and Presentation | | | |9. Research Database Option | | | |10. Individual Idea Generation | | | |11. Select Top Concepts | | | |12. Understand Technologies To Be | | | |Used | | | |13. Design System | | | Appendix I Gantt Chart |Task Name |Nov. 7 |Nov. 14 |Nov. 28 |Dec. 5 |Dec. 12 | | |T | |15. Develop Alpha Version | | |16. Develop Beta Version | | | |17. Finalize System Version | | | |18. Final Revisions and | | | |Defense | | | |19. Defense of the System | | | |20. Revisions of | | | |Documentation | | | |20. Submission of Final | | | |Revision | | | Bibliography Credits: www. wikipedia. com www. ivythesis. typepad. com www. ideo. columbia. edu www. thesisblog. com www. thefreelibrary. com ———————– [pic] Planning Phase Analysis Phase. Design Phase Development Phase Implementation Phase 2. 1 Name of Student 2. 0 Information of the Student 1. 2 Password 1. 1 Username 1. 0 User Login Print Error msg Print FrmAdd FrmAdd Autho- rization r 4. 0 List of Borrowers 3. 0 Details of the book; date borrowed/returned 2. 0 Student Information 1. 0 Administrator Login Student 0. 0 Computerized Library System 0. 0 COMPUTERIZED LIBRARY SYSTEM Librarian Start Administrator Login Form Print FrmLogin Verification Error Message Saved A A Student Info. Print FrmMain Saved Details of the book; Date borrowed/returned. Print FrmBorrow Saved List of borrowers Print View End 2. 2 Course 2. 3 Section 2. 4 Year level 2. 5 Add Student 4. 0 Details of the book; Date borrowed/returned 4. 1 Name of the Book borrowed 4. 2 Author of the Book 4. 3 Date Borrowed 4. 4 Date to be returned 5. 0 List of Borrowers 5. 1 Table view of the Borrowers 3. 0 Add Student 3. 1 Name of Student 3. 2 Course 3. 3 Section 3. 4 Year level User Login Form 1. 1 User Login 2. 1 Information of the student 3. 1 Add Student 5. 1 Producing a table of view of the students 4. 1 Details of the book | date borrowed / returned.

Duty of Personal Performance, of Care and Skill, Duty to Obey Free Essay Example, 2000 words

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