African American Men And The United States Prison System

African American Men and the United States Prison System There is a racial connection between the United States criminal justice system and the overrepresentation of black men in the United States prison system. There are over 2 million people in the U.S. prison system exceeding that of any other nation and represents 25% of the world’s prisoners (The Sentencing Project, 2016). According to Prison Policy Initiative, African American communities are the most impacted with African American men representing nearly 40% of all U.S. prisoners, though African Americans represent less than 13% of the U.S. population (Wagner Rabuy, 2016). In fact, African American males are six times more likely to be incarcerated than white males (The†¦show more content†¦20). Thus, African Americans were still enslaved. The Jim Crow era, 1877 through the 1950s, ushered in still another wave of unfair imprisonment for black people. Minor offenses continued to be disproportionately enforced and carried excessive sentences. Once again, this proved that prison sentences did not fit the actual crime, but rather were a form of deliberate racial control targeting men and women of color. Alexander (2012) further points out that the aggressive enforcement of these minor criminal offenses opened up an enormous market for convict leasing, in which prisoners were contracted out as laborers to the highest private bidder (p. 31). Essentially, African Americans continued to be slaves of the state for the duration of their prison term. During the 1960s, the civil rights movement gained momentum and led to the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, officially ending segregation in the United States. The same movement was also responsible for the Supreme Court’s decision to institute laws that protected the rights of arrested individuals through Miranda rights and the right to legal representation. Although strides were made, the election of President Nixon proved to be a detriment to the movement, as he set out to make good on what he called his â€Å"law and order† campaign. Eventually, Nixon’s former domestic policy chief, John Ehrlichman, confessed to Harper’s writerShow MoreRelatedDisproportionate Incarceration of African Americans Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesDisproportionate Incarceration of African Americans The disproportionate numbers of African Americans in the prison system is a very serious issue, which is not usually discussed in its totality. However, it is quite important to address the matter because it ultimately will have an effect on African Americans as a whole. Of the many tribulations that plague Americans today, the increase in the amount of African American men and women in prisons is unbelievable. It would be naà ¯ve to sayRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1199 Words   |  5 PagesImagine if someone was able to change others perceptions on the American criminal justice system? Michelle Alexander was able to accomplish that by altering some people s entire perception on the American criminal justice system by focusing on our most pressing civil right issues of our time for some of those who did read her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Age of Colorblindness. Michelle Alexander stated that The most despised in America is not gays, transgenders, nor even illegalRead MoreThe Prison System Of America1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"Prison Industrial Complex† was a term that was used by anti-prison activist within the prison abolishment movement to argue the attendant interest of prison industrializ ation, and t development of a minority prison labor force (Davis, 2003). 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These reasons are racial discriminationRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Laws1667 Words   |  7 PagesIn the book the Ne w Jim Crow Laws there is racial discrimination on the African American people in the American society. What is racial discrimination? It is refusing somebody based on race. In the United States we have been racial discriminate on the African American people and that is what cause the south and north to go civil wat was because slavery and racism that existed and even still to this day. In the south the black were less and treated unequal to them historically even today were areRead MoreThe Prison Industrial Complex : How Do We Define It?1640 Words   |  7 PagesWhat if I told you that prisons in America aren t built for the main purpose of locking up â€Å"criminals† and making them better to re enter society and keeping other citizens safe but for some companies to make profit off of cheap labor? In essence that is the prison industrial complex. How do we define it? A few define it as a term that is used to explain rapid expansion of the US inmate population to the po litical influence of private prison companies and businesses that supply goods and servicesRead MoreThe African Of African Diaspora1329 Words   |  6 Pages The African diaspora also known as the forced movement of primarily Western Africans to various parts of the globe including the Americas, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. One of the most influential sectors of the African diaspora was the Trans-Atlantic trade route. According to PBS’ How Many Slaves Landed in the U.S.? â€Å"Between 1525 and 1866, in the entire history of the slave trade to the New World, according to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, 12.5 million Africans were shipped to theRead MorePrison Reform in the United States of America1318 Words   |  6 PagesPrison Reform in The United States of America â€Å"It is said that no one truly knows a nation until one has been inside its jails. A nation should not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens, but its lowest ones† (Nelson Mandela, 1994). The United States of America has more people behind bars than any other country on the planet. The prisons are at over double capacity. It cost a lot of money to house prisoners each year. A large number of the prisoners are there because of drug related offensesRead MoreBlack Americans Receive A Stricter Punishment Than White Americans Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesblack men in the United States continue to be excessively â€Å"incarcerated, policed, and sentenced to death at significantly higher rates than their white counterparts (Kerby 2).† Portrayals in the media have depicted black men as thugs and common criminals; these negative stereotypes demoralize men of color and allow society to believe and internalize this destructive thinking. The racial disparities that exist in the criminal justice system are an indirect consequence of the portrayals of African AmericanRead MoreRace and Corrections845 Words   |  4 PagesAllen Arizona State University CRJ 305- Laura Owen Minorities remain overrepresented in crime, offending, victimization, and all stages of the criminal justice process especially confinement. Overrepresentation alludes to a situation in which a greater part of a particular group is present at various stages within the justice system than would be expected based on its part in the general population (Rosich, 2007). Minorities have always had a larger population in the prison system and after

Relationship Between Managers And Managers - 1733 Words

Relationships amongst employees and their managers dictate the level of happiness each derives from the workplace. Communication plays a key role in the success of these relationships. Relations between managers and their subordinates are known as downward relationships. Relations between subordinates and managers are known as upward relationships. Relations between peers are known as lateral relationships. All of these relationships and the communication flowing between them are capable of contributing to the success of an organization as well the allocation of power and politics. Upward relations. Organizational citizenship adds value to the success of upward relations. Organizational citizenship is at its essence, the belief that†¦show more content†¦This behavior is recognized as benefiting of organizational citizenship, which this manager rewarded (DuBrin, 2009, p. 88). †¢This manager focused on rewarding group success. This increases organizational citizenship behaviors, an impression management tactic positively impacting interdependent relations (DuBrin, 20009, p.90). A manager within my organization ineffectively utilized upward communications be acting in the following ways. †¢He promoted competition amongst team members increasing self-serving behaviors. Members of his team found no benefit in helping their team members succeed and so altruistic actions rarely occurred (DuBrin, 2009, p. 89). †¢This manager rewarded employees solely based on individual performance (DuBrin, 2009, p.91). The result was that the strong employees stayed strong and weak never had a chance. Strong employees basked â€Å"in reflected glory† as an impression management tactic (DuBrin, 2009, p. 96). Downward relations. The leader-member exchange (LMX) theory is a theory based on the belief that there is a positive correlation between the quality of the relationships between a leader and their direct reports and the success of the organization (DuBrin, 2009, p.143). A manager within my organization effectively communicated using downward relations in the following ways. †¢She utilized authority to further the purpose of the organization as a whole (DuBrin, 2009,

Healthcare And Socioeconomic Situations †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Healthcare And Socioeconomic Situations? Answer: Introduction Healthcare and socioeconomic situations of people are highly interrelated, and the experts believe that there exists an inverse relationship between socioeconomic conditions and good health (Pampel, et.al., 2010). Social inequalities have affected our society for several years, and in a great many ways, apart from health care. Low income comes with many other side effects, such as disparity in education, living conditions and so on, and this, in turn, has been seen to affect the health conditions of the population living in such conditions. The population group selected for the research and report is people with socioeconomic disadvantages. This report will cover a brief about the general characteristics of the population group, their disadvantages that makes them different, and also the health concerns experienced by this group of population. Population Characteristics:; There is no clear demarcation between group of population with socioeconomic disadvantages and those who come with advantages of financial status and high salary. However, for the sake of demarcation, one can briefly explain the population group under study as those who have financial constraints, and have lower average income. The characteristics include: Staying in poor living conditions No proper nutrition Prone to drinking/tobacco/high smoking Poor health due to low hygiene Essentially, this group can be identified through their lower income, which contributes to the further disadvantages, and mostly, an inherent fear of healthcare system or distrust/disbelief in it (Becker, et.al., 2003). Major health problems in people with socioeconomic disadvantage: With low exercise, and poor diet, and no inbound inclination, the population group with socioeconomic disadvantages suffers through hoards of health issues (Pampel, et.al., 2010). It is, therefore, expected that when a person is finding it difficult to make ends meet, he or she might not be thinking about approaching the healthcare with minor troubles with health. As a result, this population group is prone to suffer a myriad of health problems, including: Obesity (due to unhealthy eating habits) Cardiovascular disease Consumption Non-identification of diseases leading to complications Malnutrition in children and adults Oral health No proper paediatric care This population group, therefore, is one of the most-studied ones in the history of healthcare, and arriving at a perfect solution is difficult. It is not that there is non-availability of health workers or the health care system in place, but the inclination to approach them, which is missing among people with socioeconomic disadvantages (Mustard, et.al., 1995). There are several healthcare workers who specifically work for this population group, and had faced alarming rate of disapprovals and disbelief despite doing their duty. However, the health concerns and issues such as low hygiene and poor diet persist and is a challenge that is yet to overcome. Health risks and challenges faced: The higher rate of health risks and persistent problems among the lower income groups or SES- Low socioeconomic status communities are attributed to several combined factors (Marcin, et.al., 2003). Consider the example of obesity among the SES groups. With socioeconomic disadvantage, one is conscious of the eating patterns, nutritional intake, unlimited access to fast food or not caring about what goes in terms of food. Other factors such as excess alcohol consumption also accelerate the obesity rate in this population group. This, therefore, enhances the risk of obesity among the SES. As determined by a research, the men show a marked increase in the obesity rate among the SES group (Ghosh, et.al, 2016). The social determinants, such as the place a person is born with, and the habits he or she develops with age, contributes to the poor nutritional intake, other indulgent habits such as drinking and tobacco, and so on. The social factors contribute largely to the health inequalities that is seen between the high and lower SES groups. With poor sanitation, nutrition and hygiene, the children in the SES group suffer a maximum disadvantage. The higher mortality rate due to injuries that can only be due to the living conditions (with no safety measures to keep children away from fire or other sharp gadgets). Hence, because of the environmental factors, such as the living conditions and sanitation, as well as dangerous injury causing agents (unmonitored road crossing, firearm, and so on), there is an increased rate of infant and paediatric mortality/injury in this population group (Marcin. et.al., 2003). Another possible reason for the significant injuries and health problems in infants/children may be due to large numbers of single parent (mother) households in low SES communities, with mothers not aware of the importance of physician visit symptoms of a disease (Heck, et.al., 2002). There are other health issues, such as cardiovascular diseases and oral health, which are again problems related to social determinants, and health behaviours. Both the above mentioned health concerns are completely related to poor eating habits, no proper hygiene and also non-identification of problems at an early stage (Winkleby, et.al., 1992). Hence, the inherent habits, eating and sleeping conditions, and the quality of life, contributes significantly to the health concerns that are seen among the population with socioeconomic disadvantage. Common barriers to health and health care: AS determined earlier, it is not the health care system itself that is to be blamed. There are several health care centres set up exclusively to deal with the low SES communities. The problem, therefore, is within the mindset of the people and their attitude towards health and health care. For instance, a single mother of an infant, might not have time or inclination to bring her child for a regular physician's visit or care about the symptoms, until it is too late or hard to avoid. Similarly, an overweight or obese individual might not worry about eating properly unless his heart gives away. Hence, the challenge for a healthcare worker here, is to make people aware of their problems or at least manage to bring them into the care, so that their conditions can be monitored and dealt with, successfully. However, one need to understand that the people livng in Low SES communities either do not worry about taking an insurance, or do not have access to it, or simply cannot afford it. Hence, they are more apprehensive about approaching the facility with their health concerns (Mustard, et.al., 1995). Another challenge is to make a person change a habit that has been inculcated from his birth. How will the children learn the necessity of maintaining hygiene (both physical and oral), if their parents and elders are not following it? How can a child learn to wash his hands before eating, or a teenager know the ill effects of drinking, when they have been taught (or rather, seen) the same, life long? To break the habits of a lifetime, and to inculcate new habits, explain the ill effects of poor hygiene or drinking, and other problems that are seen in low SES groups, is a challenge that a health care worker need to encounter at every step. Role as a healthcare nurse for people with socioeconomic disadvantage: It is not easy to break barriers, or overcome social challenges to successfully care for the population under discussion. Since each health care worker (a nurse or a physician) has to deal with uncompromising conditions and unalterable habits while dealing with low SES communities, it requires both determination and a strong inclination to bring the changes that this population sector requires. As a nurse, my first and foremost concern would be to study the problems related to a particular community. Even among the low SES groups, the challenges differ, the complications vary. Communities with people belonging to multicultural groups, people with different religious beliefs, and also with cultural dissimilarities might prove to be harder to handle. Hence, studying the individual group which comes under the health care centre I work with, will be the first hurdle. Secondly, as a nurse, my concern would be to bring those living in the community to understand the basic rules of hygiene, and proper nutrition. Since most of the problem stems from these concerns, starting with this can be of great advantage. Children are more Moldable than the adults. Conducting oral hygiene classes in small groups for children, where one can show pictorial presentation of the importance of oral health, can help alter their habits. Similarly, talking about changing their eating habits, including healthy, yet cheaper options (replacing fries with eggs or bread), can make the changes required. Similarly, looking at the poor post-hospital outcomes in the low income SES groups, due to either unavailability of proper systems at home or economic constraints, this is one major issue that I will work upon, while serving this community (Kangovi, et.al., 2014). Conclusion: Change cannot be made overnight. Although the low income Socioeconomic communities have many disadvantages, related to environmental, social and health factors, they are also studied in great detail for years together. Many changes have also been seen among these communities, and the younger generation is more adaptable to the alterations made in their lifestyle. It is, however, the elder and the older generations, who need to be brought into the picture, and their health concerns addressed effectively. References American Psychological Association (2017). Children, Youth, Families and Socioeconomic Status. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications/children-families.aspx [Accessed on 12th Aug 2017]. American Psychological Association (2017). Socioeconomic Status. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/topics/socioeconomic-status/ [Accessed on 12th Aug 2017]. Ghosh, A., Charlton, K. E., Batterham, M. J. (2016). Socioeconomic disadvantage and its implications for population health planning of obesity and overweight, using cross-sectional data from general practices from a regional catchment in Australia. BMJ Open, 6(5), e010405. Gornick, M. E. (2002). Measuring the Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Health Care. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK221050/ [Accessed on 12th Aug 2017]. Heck, K. E., Parker, J. D. (2002). Family Structure, Socioeconomic Status, and Access to Health Care for Children. Health Serv Res., 37(1), 171-184. Kruger, E., Tennant, M. (2016). Socioeconomic disadvantage and oral-health-related hospital admissions: a 10-year analysis. BDJ Open. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/bdjopen20164 [Accessed on 12th Aug 2017]. Kangovi, S., Barg, F. K., Carter, T., Levy, K., Sellman, J., Long, J. A., Grande, D. (2014). Challenges Faced by Patients with Low Socioeconomic Status During the Post-Hospital Transition. J Gen Intern Med., 29(2), 283-289. Mustard, C. A., Frohlich, N. (1995). Socioeconomic Status and the Health of the Population. Med Care, 33(12 Suppl), DS43-54. Marcin, J. P., Schembri, M. S., He, J., Romano, P. S. (2003). A Population-Based Analysis of Socioeconomic Status and Insurance Status and Their Relationship With Pediatric Trauma Hospitalization and Mortality Rates. Am J Public Health, 93(3), 461-466 Marcin, J. P., Schembri, M. S., He, J., Romano, P. S. (2003). A Population-Based Analysis of Socioeconomic Status and Insurance Status and Their Relationship With Pediatric Trauma Hospitalization and Mortality Rates. Am J Public Health, 93(3), 461-466 Pampel, F. C., Krueger, P. M., Denney, J. T. (2010). Socioeconomic Disparities in Health Behaviours. Annu Rev Sociol., 36, 349-370. Winkleby, M. A., Jatulis, D. E., Frank, E., Fortmann, S. P. (1992). Socioeconomic status and health: how education, income, and occupation contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Am J Public Health, 82(6), 816-820. World Health Organization (2012). What are social determinants of health? Retrieved from https://www.who.int/social_determinants/sdh_definition/en/ [Accessed on 12th Aug 2017].

Toffler’s Stability Zones Essay Sample free essay sample

What’s your â€Å"stability zone† ?How many times have you had â€Å"one of those days† ? You know. when it seems as if everything in your life changed overnight? There are new enterprises at work. a new set of processs to larn. new co-workers to acquire to cognize. a new office location to go familiar with. it merely goes on! At the terminal of one of those yearss. it’s a immense alleviation to acquire place! You walk in the door. and all of a sudden the emphasis disappears. You’re surrounded by the people you love. by all the amenitiess of your familiar things. Home is your safe topographic point. and when you’re at that place. the emphasis of work is far off. The challenges that arise from alteration are common. Every clip we turn around. it seems like engineering has changed – and many people feel pressured to maintain up with this fast gait. We will write a custom essay sample on Toffler’s Stability Zones Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Make you transport your Blackberry everyplace and take working holidaies? Alternatively of loosen uping at dark. make you utilize your laptop to catch up even more? If this sounds like you. you may experience burned out. overworked and overwhelmed. The good intelligence is that you can make personal â€Å"Stability Zones† to assist you pull off the alteration in your life. Familiar places – like place or a favourite java store – can go much-needed flights to allow your head and organic structure re-energize and renew themselves. Alvin Toffler foremost presented the construct of personal Stability Zones in his 1971 book. â€Å"Future Shock. † Although the theory was neer accepted academically. it’s still interesting and relevant to what many of us face today. Toffler’s Stability ZonesToffler’s construct is reasonably simple. Stability Zones are topographic points or things that make you experience safe. relaxed. and secure. Think of them as buffers – types of protection or defence – against the outside universe. When you’re in or with your Stability Zone. you feel safe. It’s something safe and familiar. something that doesn’t alteration. And they’re non limited to specific topographic points. They can be things. people. objects. or even thoughts: †¢ People – People Stability Zones offer you a loosen uping. restful atmosphere when you’re with them. They listen to what you say. and you don’t have to seek to be a different individual when they’re about. They have values similar to yours. and they’ve likely been in your life for a long clip. A Person Stability Zone could be a partner. best friend. parent. or colleague. †¢ Ideas – Idea Stability Zones could be anything from spiritual religions and political political orientation to deeply held beliefs or values ( such as environmental protection ) . †¢ Places – These are really common. Home is one of the most widely used topographic points of safety. to assist person experience â€Å"safe. † But a Place Stability Zone can besides be larger in scale – like a state – or much smaller in scale – like a specific room. †¢ Things – These could be favourite ownerships – like a we ll-loved book or household heirloom – or favourite apparels that make you experience good. †¢ Organizations – A favourite nine. professional group. or even your company could be your Stability Zone – any topographic point or group that you identify with and where you feel welcome. As an employer or leader. understand the importance of Stability Zones for your staff. and promote your squad to utilize them frequently. These can be most helpful when a company is traveling through a major passage. such as a coup detat. But they can besides assist you and your staff manage the daily emphasiss of the work environment. If you work in a â€Å"hot desking† environment. where others use your desk or workstation when you’re non at that place. it may be difficult to hold a Place Stability Zone at the office. In this state of affairs. you may desire to transport objects with you that create these zones – like exposure – or you may desire to trust more on less physical types of Stability Zones – such as people or thoughts – to assist you pull off alteration. Identify Your Stability Zones To find your personal Stability Zones. start by believing of two or three options for each type listed above. Then. contract them down by inquiring yourself these inquiries: †¢ How stable are they? For illustration. if you listed a colleague as a Person Stability Zone. are you certain that individual will ever be at that place for you? If you listed a favourite java store as a Place Stability Zone. are you confident that it will be at that place for a piece? Remember. you want topographic points. people. and things that aren’t traveling to alter every bit fast as the remainder of the universe. Think in footings of stability. dependableness. and comfort. †¢ How many of your Stability Zones can be influenced by you? To what extent are the zones – these people. topographic points. things. and so on – under your control? †¢ Do you pass adequate clip fostering these Stability Zones? You may necessitate to put clip developing and keeping your Stability Zones. particularly with the people in your life. If you don’t hold the clip or desire to put in these relationships. topographic points. and things. so you might happen that. over clip. they aren’t as comforting and changeless as you one time thought they might be. †¢ Will your Stability Zones remain solid and steady over clip? The lone thing you can of all time truly number on is alteration. Yes. you want stable things in your life that won’t alteration rapidly – but the fact is that. finally. things are traveling to alter. One twenty-four hours. you may detect that your place merely isn’t large plenty. or one of your deeply held beliefs isn’t the steering force it used to be. Be the Stability Zones you’ve chosen able to digest over clip? Create Stability Zones for Your TeamIn the workplace. it can be of import for people to hold Stability Zones. If you’re in charge of a squad and you think that members of your squad are fighting with alteration. so learn them about Stability Zones. and assist them happen ways to utilize them during a hard twenty-four hours to rest and re-gain energy. Help make Stability Zones in your workplace by making the followers: †¢ Make sure that your squad members take sensible tiffin interruptions. †¢ Promote your squad non to pass their darks and weekends working. †¢ Consider offering workshops on positive thought. leading. or deputation. †¢ Consider offering inducements for your squad to take part in physical exercising. Key PointsOur universe seems to alter faster every twenty-four hours. Pull offing this alteration can do you experience stressed and overwhelmed. This is why holding familiar. safe zones can be so of import for your wellbeing. Stability Zones – people. topographic points. thoughts. objects. or organisations – can offer you a feeling of security. They can allow your head remainder from the alteration and emphasis around you. If members of your squad are fighting with alteration. so educate them on the importance of Stability Zones. and have a program to make Stability Zones in the workplace. Doing so may enable your staff to regenerate their mental energy. and it may give them the ability to get by better with emphasis and alteration.